The History of A Mind by Emile Duclaux

This book is more than a critique of Pasteur. It is a contribution to the biological history of a swiftly changing time, a very striking period in the development of science. As such it should be of interest to all biologists, and especially to all teachers and students of biology and of medicine. For them it was written, and translated. In this time of world upheaval and readjustment, when our young men are looking more and more to France for moral and intellectual ideals, it seems peculiarly apropos that the scientific life of one of her greatest sons, to whom the whole world owes an enormous debt of gratitude, should be set before them clearly and interestingly.

STANFORD UNIVERSITY
300 PASTEUR DRIVE
PALO ALTO, CALIF. 1

Copyright, 1920, by W. B. Saunders Company
PRINTED IN AMERICA

CONTENTS

• Introduction
• Author’s Preface
• FIRST PART – WORKS ON CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
  • Chapter Page
  • The Predecessors Of Pasteur: Hauy, Weiss, Delafosse
  • Biot And J. Herschel
  • Pasteur: The Tartrates
  • The Paratartrates
  • ASPARTATES AND MALATES
  • Molecular Dissymmetry
  • Dissymmetry Of Cellular Life
  • Substances Inactive Through Loss Of Dissymmetry
  • Combinations Between Active Molecules
  • Means Of Separating The Right- And Left-handed Substances
  • General Conclusions
• SECOND PART – LACTIC AND ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATIONS
  • The Knowledge Of Fermentations Before Lavoisier
  • From Lavoisier To Gay-lussac
  • Cagniard-latour, Schwann, Helmholtz
  • Liebig
  • Pasteur: Lactic Fermentation
  • Alcoholic Fermentation
  • Aerobic Life And Anaerobic Life
• THIRD PART – SPONTANEOUS GENERATIONS
  • Chapter Page
  • Spontaneous Generation And Fermentation
  • Buffon, Needham, Spallanzani, Schultze, Schwann, SCHROEDER AND DuSCH
  • Pouchet, Pasteur: The Germs Of The Air
  • In The Air There Are Living Germs
  • Response To The Arguments In Favor or Spontaneous Generations
  • Distribution Of Germs In The Air
  • Discussion With Pouchet
  • Discussion With Fremy Ill
  • Discussion With Bastian
• FOURTH PART – WINES AND VINEGARS
  • Industrial Methods In The Manufacture Of Vinegar
  • The Mycoderma Of Vinegar
  • Discussion With Liebig
  • The Diseases Of Wine
  • Action Of Oxygen On Wine
  • The Heating Of Wines
• FIFTH PART – STUDIES ON THE DISEASES OF SILKWORMS
  • Orientation Toward Pathology
  • The Corpuscular Disease (pebrine)
  • Studies Of 1865
  • Studies Of 1866
  • Is The Corpuscle The Cause Of The Disease
  • Studies Of 1867
  • The Disease Of The Morts-flats (flacherie)
  • Studies Of 1868, 1869, 1870
• SIXTH PART – STUDIES ON BEER
  • Studies On Brewing
  • Transformation Of One Species Into Another
  • Anaerobic Life Of Aerobic Species
  • Chapter Page
  • Aerobic Life Of Anaerobic Species
  • Ideas Of Claude Bernard On Fermentation
  • Discussion Of The Ideas Of Claude Bernard
  • Origin Of The Yeasts Of Wine
• SEVENTH PART – STUDIES ON THE ETIOLOGY OF MICROBIAL DISEASES
  • The Ideas On Contagion Prior To 1866 225
  • Causes Of The Sterility Of The Ideas Upon Contagion
  • Anthrax: Pollender, Brauell, Delafond
  • Davaine
  • Koch: The Spore Of Anthrax
  • Objections To The New Doctrine
  • Pasteur: The Bacteridium is The Sole Cause Of Anthrax
  • Conflict Of The Microbe With The Organism
  • The Septic Vibrio
  • A Common Microbe May Be Pathogenic
  • New Examples Of Physiological Conflicts
• EIGHTH PART THE STUDY OF VIRUSES AND VACCINES
  • Microbial Diseases And Virus Diseases
  • Chicken Cholera
  • Discovery Of Vaccines
  • Anthrax is Also A Virus Disease
  • Studies On Rabies
  • The Problem Of Immunity
  • Virulence And Attenuation
  • Return To Virulence
  • Chemical And Humoral Theories Of Immunity
  • Cellular Theory Of Immunity
  • Annotated List Of Persons Mentioned In This Book
  • Index 353